Social Inclusion, Research, and Practices in the Health and Social Sciences

Abstract

Social inclusion emerged as a concept to respond to the increase of socially excluded and marginalized populations in the 1980s and 1990s. It has echoed pragmatics of “social, economic, and political participation” and engagement and can help to create “a sense of belonging” for divergent groups in society. Nowadays, social inclusion is perceived as a social determinant of health and plays an integral role in the promotion of health and well-being, particularly among those who are socially excluded and marginalized in society. The concept of social inclusion is explicitly related to equality, social cohesion, and human rights. The focus of social inclusion is on obstacles that prevent individuals from engaging meaningfully in society. It embraces a positive process rather than focusing on problems and difficulties experienced by people. Social inclusion emphasizes the essence of an inclusive society where people who lack the opportunity to engage in different aspects of society become more socially included. This chapter sets the scene of this handbook. It provides some background for further chapters in this handbook. First, it discusses the concept of social inclusion. Then it examines the closely linked concept of social exclusion. The next section is dedicated to social inclusive research methodologies that researchers can adopt to ensure greater social inclusion within society. The chapter concludes with discussions about means and strategies for the promotion of social inclusion in society.