Thyroid disease post-COVID-19 infection: Report of a case with new-onset autoimmune thyroid disease

Abstract

We present a case of hyperthyroidism associated with autoimmune thyroid disease that developed a few weeks after COVID-19 infection in a patient with no prior history of thyroid dysfunction. This report includes clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, management strategies, and a comparison with similar reported cases.

Patient Overview: A 28-year-old female with no prior thyroid issues developed hyperthyroidism eight weeks after contracting COVID-19. Diagnostic tests confirmed the condition, showing low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, elevated free thyroxine (FT4), and the presence of thyroid receptor antibodies.

Treatment: The patient was treated with methimazole at a dosage of 20 mg, to which she responded positively within a few weeks. Additionally, β-blockers were administered to manage symptoms.

Literature Comparison: A literature search revealed three other reported cases of similar presentations. Analysis of these cases indicates a potential link between COVID-19 infection and the onset of hyperthyroidism.

Discussion: The impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and its potential effects on the thyroid gland may elucidate the underlying pathology for hyperthyroidism in this patient.

Conclusion: This case of new-onset hyperthyroidism post-COVID-19 infection highlights the importance of monitoring thyroid function in patients recovering from the virus. The patient exhibited mild symptoms and responded well to thiamazole and β-blockers, demonstrating a favorable outcome.