The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy associated with type-2 diabetes in Shiraz, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common diagnosis in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of LVH among patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure and aging is higher than the healthy population and has been independently associated with an increased risk for future cardiac event, including stroke. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of LVH among T2DM subjects and evaluate its asso‑ciation with related risk factors of CVD patients in the metropolis of Shiraz, Iran. The novelty of this study is that there has been no known published epidemiological study related to the relationship of LVH and T2DM on this unique population. Materials and method This cross-sectional study was designed based on collected data of 7715 free dwelling sub‑jects in the community-based Shiraz Cohort Heart Study (SCHS) from 2015 to 2021, ages 40–70 years. Overall, 1118 subjects with T2DM were identifed in the SCHS and after exclusion criteria, 595 subjects remained eligible for study. Subjects with electrocardiography (ECG) results, which are appropriate and diagnostics tools, were evaluated for the presence of LVH. Thus, the variables related to LVH and non-LVH in subjects with diabetes were analyzed using ver‑sion-22 statistical package for social sciences software program to ensure consistency, accuracy, reliability, and validity for fnal analysis. Based upon related variables and identifying LVH and non-LVH subjects, the relevant statistical analy‑sis was implemented to ensure its consistency, accuracy, reliability, and validity for fnal analysis. Results Overall, the prevalence of diabetic subjects was 14.5% in the SCHS study. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension in the study subjects aged 40–70 years was 37.8%. The prevalence of hypertension history in T2DM study subjects for LVH compared to non-LVH was (53.7% vs. 33.7%). The prevalence of LVH among patients with T2DM as the primary target of this study was 20.7%. Analytical fndings comparing both LVH and non-LVH subjects who have T2DM identifed signifcance for variables in the older (≥60) mean and categorical age group (P<0.0001), history of hypertension (P<0.0001), mean and categorical duration of hypertension in years (P<0.0160), status of controlled versus uncontrolled hypertension level (P<0.0120), the mean systolic blood pressure (P<0.0001) as well as mean duration years of T2DM and categorical duration of diabetes in years (<0.0001 and P<0.0060), mean fasting blood sugar (<0.0307) and categorical status of FBS Level (mg/dl): controlled and uncontrolled FBS status of controlled vs. uncontrolled FBS levels P<0.0020). However, there were no signifcant fndings for gender (P=0.3112), diastolic