Overlapping Stevens-Johnson syndrome and DRESS syndrome caused by phenobarbital: A Vietnamese case report

Abstract

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. Those reactions, which are rare in children, can be especially severe and challenging to diagnose and manage. Herein, we present a 59-month-old male who presented with a rash, fever, and multiple organ dysfunction following initiation of Phenobarbital for epilepsy. A diagnosis of overlapping SJS and DRESS syndrome was made based on clinical manifestations accompanied by skin biopsy according to RegisSCAR diagnostic criteria. Therapy with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), corticosteroids, and supportive care was given successfully for the patient. This case underscored the significance of promptly and effectively recognizing and managing these intricate reactions.