Gastric cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prevention: a mini review

Abstract

Gastric cancer stands as one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and biology of gastric cancer risk. This literature review delves into the biological, clinical, and environmental factors shaping the prevalence of this disease, while also discussing various intervention methods aimed at raising awareness and enhancing screening efforts to mitigate gastric cancer risk.

Helicobacter pylori infection emerges as the primary risk factor for gastric cancer, with additional factors including geographical location, age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and genetics contributing to varying degrees. Primary and secondary prevention strategies, such as dietary modifications and screenings, are pivotal in mitigating the risk of gastric cancer. Furthermore, interventions like H. pylori eradication through chemoprevention trials show promise as preventative measures.

While our understanding of gastric cancer risk has seen significant advancement, future research is warranted to differentiate gastric cancer epidemiology by subsite and explore the intricate interactions between H. pylori infection, genetics, and environmental factors. A deeper comprehension of these relationships can guide researchers in devising the most effective intervention strategies to curb the risk of this disease.